順應與信任自然之「道」的種植哲學–趨合農法學習筆記

四月份的時間,有幸能夠前往苗栗 回沃森林,與阿堯學習更多有關於趨合創辦人自然之「道」的哲學性,而這個哲學性帶來了其中對於植物操作的應變與做法,更能順應和信任其大自然的智慧。


以往,樸谷基地的植物操作,大致上有幾個重點:

1. 多樣性,目前已將植物種類提升到一百種以上。
2. 多元間種,避免直線型操作。
3. 如何抗風與破風,因應一年比一年還強的颱風侵襲基地。也因為颱風會幫忙修枝,平時的修枝又該如何操作。
4. 至一年半前開始,導入趨合農法做法,邀請阿堯回到樸谷基地,在東側迎風面、西側山坡面操作趨合。當時也有跟著學習,不過時間短,我感覺似乎還沒有學到精髓。

這次會選擇四月份把握機會去苗栗進修,是因為遇到幾個操作上的問題:

1. 在其他區塊的趨合設計上是否能再更加大膽、並讓覆蓋物更足夠。
2. 有一些長得比較不好的果苗,要如何改善狀態。
3. 種植數量要多少,才能把整個共同成長的長勢拉起來,讓系統朝向年輕化。
4. 共有八個小區域的種植,如何在其中達到協助彼此的共伴效應。
5. 修枝的技巧,包含修樹。總是不太確定要修多少才好,該怎麼修才不會傷到了樹,哪一種樹可以修多少。

上完四月份三週末的趨合課程後,更看到阿堯分享:趨合創辦人在巴西操作的案例之後,並且透過紮實的實作,以超乎想像的數量,阿堯在現場帶我們創造一個蔬菜結合樹線的新區域,以及把兩年前的舊區域做整理,對我特別有感,這讓我看見趨合在其中的效益,植物和土壤的回饋等。


上完第一週回台東後,我針對所有芭蕉樹做整理,樸谷基地的芭蕉樹大約有15株,其實以2分地左右的大小,芭蕉樹的數量可以更有野心地擴張啊,整理後獲得許多覆蓋的資材,後來蓋在洛神上面,洛神長得特別好。心裡開始很清楚,取芭蕉苗和種植深度、該如何面對迎風面等,因為在苗栗回沃上課時,阿堯在清晰的講解後,讓學員充分在現場幫忙整理芭蕉樹,經驗上很深刻。

上完第二週回台東後,幾乎就是看到樹就想要修XD… 把酪梨大幅度地修枝了,基地的酪梨樹都有一開始成長時就出現分叉枝的狀況,之前礙於同情並沒有修掉,結果酪梨樹真的長得不太好。更需要去理解,因為想要做留種,而沒有拉掉成熟長種子的植物,但是開花或留種的植物較多時,整個系統會朝向比較衰老的能量,其他植物也無法跟著有著年輕人向上揚升的成長趨勢。

上完第三週回台東後,對於果樹和在數量上的種植操作更清晰,知道了蟲害的問題常常來自於每一種作物的種植數量不夠多,那多起來到底可以有多少,這次也見識到了「種海戰術」,大約有快要20種的作物種子,以每一腳步、30cm、50cm甚至一個手掌的距離就撒下一些,讓所有的作物一起成長,留下長得最後的幾株,其他的都成為覆蓋材料,更能提升整體往上揚升的能量取向。

更對於蟲害管理一整個用更放鬆的心情去看待,當種植的數量夠多,就不會拘泥於一兩株植物讓蟲害侵擾了。

剛好在趨合上完之後,剛好和學生一起接手一塊朋友荒地的管理,我現在更能有信心地去操作大範圍的養土和食物森林早期規劃與維護,更對於種子準備和扦插枝條的數量上不再保守,能多少就多少。因為大自然是如何能夠涵養萬物。

非常謝謝阿堯帶回從巴西的經驗分享,接下來將透過在苗栗的紮實學習,慢慢調整樸谷基地的植物系統。


最後與大家分享協助我深刻理解趨合的十五條原則 = 「道 Tao」,有興趣進一步瞭解的能參考 Ernst Götsch 的網站,在此文最下方。


(出處見此文最下方,若需轉貼請附上出處。)

「道」-理解生命的方式 [對於現今生命的變通見解]
’TAO’ FOR OUR COMPREHENSION OF LIFE [ALTERNATIVE TO OUR ACTUAL CONCEPT, CONCERNING LIFE]


第一點:探究地球上生命的運作模式與表現,以及在其中生物之間的交互關係,可將地球視為一個超有機體,可以清楚地賦予「功能性」的特徵,或說是「機能性」。地球創造了自有的「機能系統」,旨在實現其「增加多樣性與互動」的協同存在策略。
I – Studying the functioning and the comportment of life on this planet, and also life in its interactions with-, and in its relations to Planet Earth, and that latter one, seeing as a macro-organism, we can attribute to it clearly functional characteristics, let us say, ’instrumental’ properties and, as a such, as integral part of an ‘instrumentarium’, Planet Earth has created for itself, in order to realize its ‘complexifying’, syntropic strategy of being.

第二點:以上述方式感知生命,我們將觀察到所有已存在和即將出現的物種之機能和功能概念,顯示出,每個物種的出現是為了完成其特定任務,並圓滿其功能。
II – Perceiving life in the mode, outlined above, we will observe, the instrumental- and functional concept in the coming into existence of all species, which appeared, which will appear: Each species, which arises, appears in order to realize its specific tasks, and to fulfill its function.

第三點:代代的物種個體都因為前幾代物種,有著被設定好的先決條件。並且,透過其新陳代謝、環境而重寫基因碼、以分享參與、定義其後代物種。
III – Each individual of each generation of all species appears, preconditioned by which it preceded. And, by means of its metabolism, it modifies its surrounding and codefines in this way-, shares-, takes part in the definition of that, which will succeed it.

第四點:物種的新基因型態的出現,以因應生存條件的改變。當需要完成的任務尚未完成,而也不存在於現有物種的基因編碼之中時,因應而來的是新物種的出現。
IV – The appearance of new genotypes of already existing species happens for the reason of altered life-conditions, to be coped with. The coming forth of new species is required, when tasks have occurred to be realized, whose realization are not yet codified [is not included in the potential codes of the existing ones]

第五點:生命的機能性與地球/超有機體的關係是恆久不變的;任務需要被完成;然而,由於生存條件的不斷變化,需要完成的任務也不斷地變化。這些變化是由於內在因素和外源因素共同造成的。
V – The instrumentality of life in relation to the macro-organism Planet Earth remains the same; the tasks to be realized – however – are subject to continuous change, due to unceasing changes, concerning life condition. Those changes are caused by endo- as well as by exogenic factors.

第六點:生態系統的週期性再生以及新生態系統的形成,是逐一實現的,這些最後的部分就像拼圖的組成部分。這個過程遵循一定的模式,相當於個體層次的世代更迭。在生態系統層面,這個過程被稱為“自然物種的演化”,它也是生命在時空中所演進的方式。
VI – The periodical regeneration of eco-systems, as well as the creation of new ones, happens, being realized patch after patch, those last ones comparable to constituent pieces of a puzzle. This process follows patterns, equivalent to the generative reproduction on individual level. On eco-system-level, this process is called ‘natural species- succession’, which by its side is the means by which life moves in space and time.

第七點:地球上所有生命共同皆構成此一個龐大的超有機體。其中的整體功能回應著此有機體:一切都相互連結並互相依存著。
VII – Life as a whole on our planet, together constitutes one only, big macro-organism. Its entire functioning corresponds to that one of an organism: all is connected and interdependent.

第八點:在富含有機質的表層土壤中繁衍生活的龐大真菌網絡,與其覆蓋其上的厚厚落葉層,建立了具備豐富免疫力土壤的先決條件,其增強了植物的活力和健康。
VIII – The huge fungal network, proliferating in top-soils, rich in organic matter, and covered by an abundant litter-layer upon it, creates the precondition for a strong immune-system of our soils, which highly influentially fortifies vigor and health of our plants.

第九點:「害蟲」和疾病,以及掠食者,我們不妨稱之為——「生命演化的優化部門」。它們介入的標準是優化其所照顧的對象(即潛在獵物),在生態系統中透過獵物的互動可看出其對於掠食者的信任。
XIX – ‘Pests’ and diseases, as well as predators, are integrants of the – let us say – “department for the optimization of life processes’. The criteria, they use, to intervene, is the optimization of life processes realized by the object [their potential prey], entrusted to their, [the predator’s], care, in the part of the eco-system, where that prey interacts.

第十點:食慾和飢餓是所有生物用來實現和圓滿其功能的方式(直接或間接地與進食、攝取或吸收食物等相關行為),因此,食慾和飢餓也可看作是觸發內在趨力之誘因。
X – Appetite and hunger are means, used by all living beings, to turn [also] that act of realizing their task and fulfilling their function, linked – directly or indirectly – to the act of eating-, ingesting- or absorbing their ‘food’, for them into an appeasing and attractive event.

第十一點:物種的代代的個體都具備著完成其功能的能力,這種能力源於內在的愉悅感;同時,它們也具備了與地球的其他成員在超有機體之內的一部分:能在細胞層次相互溝通。
XI – Each individual of each generation of all species appears equipped, to realize its task [s] and to fulfill its function [s] moved by inner pleasure, and also equipped, to communicate with all the other constituent members, ’cells’ of the macro-organism ‘LIFE’, of which integral part it is.

第十二點:除了現代人類及其大部分被飼養的、被馴化的動物之外——物種之間和之內都立基於無條件的愛與合作的原則。
XII – The inter- and intra-specific relations – with exception of those of modern man and most of his, by him adopted and deformed domesticated animals – are based upon the principles of unconditional love and cooperation.

第十三點:所有物種——除了現代人類及其大部分被飼養的動物——都遵循伊曼努爾·康德(1724-1804)所提出的「定言令事」原則行事,該命令指出:「行其所欲,並將自然定律應用在自身。」
XIII – All species – with exception of modern man and most of his, by him adopted domesticated animals – act, based on the principles of the ‘Categoric Imperative’, formulated by Immanuel Kant [1724 – 1804], which says: “Act in a way, you would want, , that the principles, submitted to your interactions, be elevated immediately to principles of universal laws”. [This means, would be applied to yourself].

第十四點:「構成並屬於地球/超有機體並因此被賦予生命的你,即使是我們奧林匹斯諸神,也無法自行制定自然法則。」~ 來自伊索,公元前700年,伊索寓言中借克洛諾斯之口對人類說道。
XIV – “The laws, according to which the macro-organism, part of which you are, are given” [pre- established]. “Not even to us, Gods of the Olympus, it is being incumbent upon, to make those laws by our own”. {Aesop, 700 B. C., letting Kronos say to man in one of his, [Aesop’s] parables.}

第十五點-個體間的不和諧干涉,會引起地球/超有機體的變化,進而導致不和諧干涉的製造者之存在變得不合時宜。 [自然法則,宇宙定律 ]
XV – A dis-harmonic interference of some of the entities, which together constitute a macro- organism, induces modifications in that latter one, which by its side will have the result, that the presence of the emitters of those dis-harmonic interferences will turn to be non- opportune. [Natural-, universal law.]


英文出處:Ernst Götsch的網站 https://agendagotsch.com/en/syntropic-farming-principles-by-ernst-gotsch/
中文出處:樸谷工坊(2026.4.13 暫定翻譯草稿,未來尚待修改)